Driver distraction is the diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity, which may result in insufficient or no attention to activities critical for safe driving. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive overview of this issue, outlining the underlying theory of distraction, its effects on driving performance and safety. Highlights driver inattention and distraction are believed to increase crash risk, but there is limited empirical evidence on their prevalence. This chapter provides a general overview of the term driver distraction, what it means, how it relates to driver inattention, types of driver distraction, sources of driver distraction, factors that moderate the effects of distraction on driving, the interference that can derive from distraction, theories that seek to explain this interference, the impact of distraction on driving. Cell phone use while behind the wheel is one of the common forms of distracted driving. A distraction is anything that takes a persons mind and attention away from driving. Public school administrators should consider the following strategies to enhance school bus driver performance. The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes pdf. The fatality analysis reporting system fars is a census of. An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of distraction mitigation strategies on drivers performance and productivity while engaged in an invehicle information system task.
Presentations taking into account new forms of mobility. Many different methods have been used to assess the prevalence and types of driver distraction that occur, and to describe the. It also brings together the wide array of literature on the topic into one. South west industry road safety alliance driver distraction. Clearly, dd constitutes a major highway safety problem. The role of driver distraction in traffic crashes prepared by jane c. The first two are policeaccidentreportbased systems. Cellular device use while behind the wheel is one of the most common forms of distracted driving. Coded using a taxonomy of five inattention subtypes.
Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive overview of this issue, outlining the underlying theory of distraction, its effects on driving performance and safety, strategies for mitigating its effects, and directions for future research. Driver distraction is the voluntary or involuntary diversion of attention from the primary driving tasks not related to impairment from alcohol, drugs, fatigue, or a medical condition where the diversion occurs because the driver is performing an. Develop driver training programs and policies that address distraction. Visual taking your eyes off the road manual taking your hands off the. Even using handsfree devices or the speaker to talk on a cell phone while driving is dangerous because the conversation can cause drivers to miss important visual and. Driver distraction is a diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving towards a competing activity. Many different methods have been used to assess the prevalence and types of. The book driver distraction and inattention advances in research and countermeasures, volume 1 is based in part on expanded and updated papers from the 1st international conference on driver distraction and inattention, held in gothenburg, sweden, september 2009. Many definitions of driver distraction have been developed and the following reflects an integration of many of these.
He received the ely award for best paper in the journal human factors 2002, the best paper award for the journal ergonomics 2005, and a donald e. Driver distraction theory, effects, and mitigation edited by michael a. Effects differ depending on the distracting activity. The impact of distraction mitigation strategies on driving.
A practical resource for understanding, features preventing. Tasks that require the driver to look away from the roadway to visually obtain information. Cognitive neuroscientist david strayer, phd, studies how the brain processes information to better understand what causes driver distraction. The driver distraction prevention dock ddd dock provides administrators a reliable method of preventing drivers from being distracted while driving. Pages in category driver distraction the following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. Distracted driving refers to the act of driving while engaging in other activities which distract the driver s attention away from the road. Models of attention, distraction, and highway hazard avoidance. Cell phones are a major target, but distractions are anything that takes a drivers mind and attention away from the main task driving. Driver distraction volpe national transportation systems. Preventing, and managing driver distraction it is estimated that up to 23 percent of crashes and nearcrashes are caused by driver distraction, and these figures will likely increase as more and more distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, compete for driver attention. He has authored twenty books including the 1994 groundbreaking new york times bestseller on adhd, driven to distraction. All districts should adopt policies that prohibit bus drivers from eating, drinking, and using cell phones. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive overview of this issue, outlining.
Lastly, attention maintenance am is defined as the ability of drivers to maintain their. Driver distraction is understood as a form of inattention and has been defined as a diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing activity. A practical resource for understanding, preventing, and managing driver distraction it is estimated that up to 23 percent of crashes and nearcrashes are caused by driver distraction, and these figures will likely increase as more and more distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, compete for driver attention. Ddi2017 will be held in paris, france, on march 2022, 2017, and follows the four highly successful ddi conferences held previously in gothenburg, sweden 2009, 2011, 20, and sydney, australia 2015. Theory, effects and mitigation, published by crc press in 2008. Apr 22, 2017 john is a coeditor and a coauthor of the first book on driver distraction driver distraction. Driver inattention and driver distraction in serious. Jun 23, 2015 industry road safety alliance toolbox video driver distraction animation it has estimated that distraction played a role in 32% of all road crash deaths and serious injuries in western. With 24 chapters by 52 authors from more than 10 countries, it provides important new perspectives on the definition and meaning of driver distraction and inattention, the mechanisms that characterize them, the measurement of their effects, strategies for. Loci and causes of distraction are represented as disturbances to various functional elements of a control loop involving driver intending goal setting, sensing, deciding on control response, dynamics of the vehicle, and. Getting the most out of life with attention deficit disorder the hidden disorder. Driver distraction is a significant and difficult safety problem to. Among them are programs and projects involving improving our understanding of the prob lem, reducing workloads from driver interfaces, keeping distracted driv.
Lee department of mechanical and industrial engineering university of iowa iowa city, iowa driver distraction can be described as the diversion of drivers attention from the primary task of driving and is one of the most common causes of crashes. Distraction detection and mitigation through driver feedback, appendices, may 20 pdf dot hs 811 547b support for nhtsa visualmanual guidelines. Second, hazard mitigation hm is defined as any action that a driver undertakes in an attempt to respond to potential or actual hazards on the road. His research has measured the effects of distraction on vehicle control in a driving simulator, on private test tracks, on the public roads and via surveys to explore reallife impact. Eye movements can be monitored by a camera pointed at the driver, and the technology can also monitor a drivers heart rate and brain function. Distracted driving refers to the act of driving while engaging in other activities which distract the drivers attention away from the road. Driver distraction dd is characterized by the diversion of attention away from the driving task in favor of a secondary activity e. Distraction national highway traffic safety administration. Distraction is a significant cause of road incidents and crashes. Defines driver distraction, discusses causes, and explains how to measure acceptable and unacceptable levels of distraction. Here comes the internet of cars the era of smart mobility is going to change everything. Mar 19, 2014 cognitive neuroscientist david strayer, phd, studies how the brain processes information to better understand what causes driver distraction.
While research on distracted driving by drivers of large trucks is scarce, the effects of cell phone use and driving have been widely studied in the context of passenger cars beanland, fitzharris. Industry road safety alliance toolbox video driver distraction animation it has estimated that distraction played a role in 32% of all road crash deaths and serious injuries in. Taxonomy of mitigation strategies for driver distraction birsen donmez, linda boyle, john d. The vast majority of work on driver distraction, both within and outside the.
Attention deficit disorder through the lifespan why. One survey revealed frequent engagement with highly distracting activities when driving, many of which are illegal in the uk. Theory, effects, and mitigation gives a comprehensive. John is a coeditor and a coauthor of the first book on driver distraction driver distraction. Distractions are shown to compromise the safety of the driver, passengers, pedestrians, and people in other vehicles. Used indepth crash data to assess the prevalence of driver inattention and distraction in serious injury crashes. This count refers to the total commentsubmissions received on this docket, as of 11. Driver distraction is an emerging road safety issue, and is being increasingly ranked by road safety authorities around the world as a significant contributing factor to road trauma alongside speeding, drinkdriving and fatigue. Aug 05, 1992 he has authored twenty books including the 1994 groundbreaking new york times bestseller on adhd, driven to distraction. Distracted driving device stop texting and driving now. As with ha, novice drivers performed worse than experienced drivers in evaluations of hm. Driver distraction and drowsiness recognition dddr systems aim to detect distraction or fatigue and send a warning to the driver to stop and rest.
Of those injured in distracteddrivingrelated crashes in 2009, 24,000 involved reports of a cell phone as a distraction 5% of injured people in distraction related crashes. The sources of driver distraction can reside inside or outside the vehicle, be technologyrelated or. Oct 15, 2008 it is estimated that up to 23 percent of crashes and nearcrashes are caused by driver distraction, and these figures will likely increase as more and more distractions, both inside and outside the vehicle, compete for driver attention. The dangers of driver distraction heriotwatt university. They can adaptively prevent or limit driver exposure to competing activities when the concurrent demands of driving are estimated to be high realtime distraction prevention. This book adds to the accumulating evidencebase on driver distraction and inattention. The ddd dock aims to solve this problem by preventing the driver from being able to turn on the vehicle unless the drivers smartphone is. A driving simulator study was conceived to investigate the distraction of the driver from the driving task by static and video advertising. Driver acceptance of distraction mitigation strategies.
Driver distraction can be considered as a specific form of driver inattention and has been defined as the diversion of attention away from activities critical for safe driving toward a competing. Distractionrelated crashes impose a substantial cost on society. Defining driver distraction transportation research board. It is reported that 83% of drivers think about something other than their driving when behind the wheel such as home life or work. Addressing driver distraction demands a clear definition and theoretical orientation. Driver distraction is a critical issue facing the global community today, and the chi community has recently expended great effort on this problem to understand the effects of invehicle interaction e. Driver distraction each day in the united states, more than 9 people are killed and more than 1,153 people are injured in crashes that are reported to involve a distracted drivernhtsa1 a habit that kills its no mystery distractions and driving are a. Hallowells books have sold more than 2 million copies on various psychological topics edward ned hallowell, m. Driver distraction has been defined in many different ways. Because invehicle technology to reduce driver distraction is a form of automation, different levels of automation guide the effectiveness and acceptance of the strategies. Driver distraction from a control theory perspective. Some of these costs are balanced by the benefits associated with the distracting activities. Distraction related crashes impose a substantial cost on society.
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